The bridge, in Sutton Bridge, will be closed from 7pm on Thursday 22 April, until 6am on Friday 23 April 2021.
To enable the repair of one of the bridge's hydraulic jacks that help it open and close, it will need to be swung open so that engineers can access it.
There will be very limited temporary pedestrian access across the bridge during shift changeover from 9.45pm to 10.15pm on Thursday, so that workers may park on the opposite bank and walk over to/from work.
There will be no other vehicle or pedestrian access across the bridge during the night.
Traffic will be diverted via the A1101 to Wisbech, and back along the A47 to rejoin the A17, and vice versa.
Karen Cassar, assistant director for highways at Lincolnshire County Council, said:
"After noting the fault with the bridge mechanism, it's really important that we get it repaired as soon as possible to maintain both the A17, and shipping access on the river.
"We've tried to minimise disruption by carrying out the works overnight and allowing pedestrian access for those workers finishing their shifts or heading into work around 10pm.
"However, I appreciate this will still cause delays for some drivers so thank you for bearing with us."